The basic equipment required for continuous distillation is shown in Figure 11.1. The greater the relative volatilities, the easier the separation. The separation of liquid mixtures by distillation depends on differences in volatilityīetween the components. CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION: PROCESS DESCRIPTION This isĪ relatively simple procedure when the feed is a binary mixture, but a complexĪnd difficult task when the feed contains more than two components (multicomponent The principal step will be to determine the stage and reflux requirements. Mechanical design: vessel and internal fittings.Design the column internals: plates, distributors, packing supports.Size the column: diameter, number of real stages.Determine the stage and reflux requirements: the number of equilibrium stages.Select the type of contacting device: plates or packing.Select the operating conditions: batch or continuous operating pressure.Specify the degree of separation required: set product specifications.The design of a distillation column can be divided into the following steps:
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Fraction-Ītion Research’s design manuals will, however, be available to design engineers whoseĬompanies are subscribing members of the organisation. Literature and it has not been possible to refer to their methods in this book. Since their work is of a proprietary nature, it is not published in the open Inc., an organisation set up with the resources to carry out experimental work on full. In recent years, most of the work done to develop reliable design methods for distillationĮquipment has been carried out by a commercial organisation, Fractionation Research Is essential to the understanding of distillation and other equilibrium-staged processes (1980), Hengstebeck (1976), Kister (1992).Ī good understanding of methods used for correlating vapour-liquid equilibrium data Will be given a fuller discussion can be found in Volume 2, and in other text books King Only a brief review of the fundamental principles that underlie the design procedures Practised since antiquity, to the fractionation of crude oil. Lation processes, the basic construction features, and many of the design methods, alsoĪpply to other multistage processes such as stripping, absorption and extraction.ĭistillation is probably the most widely used separation process in the chemical andĪllied industries its applications ranging from the rectification of alcohol, which has been This chapter covers the design of separating columns. CHAPTER 11 Separation Columns (Distillation, Absorption and Extraction) 11.1.
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